--- title: The Ukrainian Carpathians have some of Europe's biggest old beech fo… — Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and… · tree and pragmatics description: The Ukrainian Carpathians have some of Europe's biggest old beech forests never cut by people, part of a World Heritage Site across several countries. Who acts: Ukrainian Carpathians. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/) / 18 # Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 18 The Ukrainian Carpathians have some of Europe's biggest old beech forests never cut by people, part of a World Heritage Site across several countries. **Who acts:** Ukrainian Carpathians · **What happens:** have, not cut · **To what, where:** some, biggest old beech forests This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian Carpathians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:18 # text = The Ukrainian Carpathians have some of Europe's biggest old beech forests never cut by people, part of a World Heritage Site across several countries. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 3 Carpathians Carpathian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 4 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 6 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 7 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ _ 8 's 's PART POS _ 7 case _ _ 9 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 12 amod _ _ 10 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 beech beech NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 13 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl:agent _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 21 World World PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:compound 22 Heritage heritage PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 Site site PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 across across ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the Ukrainian Carpathians | some | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient | | 2 | **not** **cut** | participle | | Europe's biggest old beech forests *not said here* | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/17/) - next →: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/)