---
title: The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief… — Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and… · tree and pragmatics
description: The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief that it lives in fire probably came from salamanders crawling out of logs thrown on a fire, and its bright colours warn of poisonous skin. Who acts: fire salamander, belief, old belief, salamanders. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrain
---

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# Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 19

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The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief that it lives in fire probably came from salamanders crawling out of logs thrown on a fire, and its bright colours warn of poisonous skin.

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**Who acts:** fire salamander, belief, old belief, salamanders, bright colours · **What happens:** live, come, crawl, throw, warn · **To what, where:** damp Carpathian forests, old belief, fire, salamanders, logs

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire salamander, belief, old belief, salamanders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:19
# text = The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief that it lives in fire probably came from salamanders crawling out of logs thrown on a fire, and its bright colours warn of poisonous skin.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	salamander	salamander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Carpathian	carpathian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=4:punct
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	salamanders	salamander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
22	crawling	crawl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	acl	_	_
23	out	out	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	warn	warn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the fire salamander |  |  | damp Carpathian forests |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |
| 2 | **live** | present | belief | the old belief *not said here* |  | fire |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme belief=Location |
| 3 | **come** | past | the old belief |  |  | salamanders |  | probably *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from salamander=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **crawl** | gerund | salamanders *not said here* |  |  | logs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out log=Trajectory |
| 5 | **throw** | participle |  | logs *not said here* |  | a fire |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on fire=Destination |
| 6 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | belief's bright colours |  |  |  |  | of poisonous skin | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of skin=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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