--- title: Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters movi… — Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and… · tree and pragmatics description: Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters moving, and even a fallen dead beech is full of life: beetles, fungi and woodpeckers live in it. Who acts: Big plant eaters, hunters, plant eaters, fallen dead beech. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/) / 4 # Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 4 Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters moving, and even a fallen dead beech is full of life: beetles, fungi and woodpeckers live in it. **Who acts:** Big plant eaters, hunters, plant eaters, fallen dead beech, beetles · **What happens:** keep, move, fall, be, live · **To what, where:** clearings, plant eaters, beech This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big plant eaters, hunters, plant eaters, fallen dead beech), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:4 # text = Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters moving, and even a fallen dead beech is full of life: beetles, fungi and woodpeckers live in it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 2 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 eaters eater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 clearings clearing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:amod 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 hunters hunter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 11 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 11 punct _ _ 13 eaters eater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 14 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 10 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:acl 15 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 17 even even ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 19 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 amod _ _ 20 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 beech beech NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 27 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 woodpeckers woodpecker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=29:conj 32 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Big plant eaters | clearings | | | | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clearing=Theme | | 2 | **keep** | present | hunters | plant eaters | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **move** | gerund | plant eaters *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **fall** | participle | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | a fallen dead beech | | | | | of life; full *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **live** | present | beetles and fungi and woodpeckers | | | beech | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/3/) - next →: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/)