--- title: European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest cle… — Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and… · tree and pragmatics description: European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest clearings open; herds live in reserves in Polissia, the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine. Who acts: European bison, herds. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/) / 8 # Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears, sentence 8 European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest clearings open; herds live in reserves in Polissia, the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine. **Who acts:** European bison, herds · **What happens:** eat, keep, live · **To what, where:** grass, forest clearings, reserves This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European bison, herds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:8 # text = European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest clearings open; herds live in reserves in Polissia, the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 bison bison NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obj 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 twigs twig NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 13 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 clearings clearing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 xcomp _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 herds herd NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 reserves reserve NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Polissia Polissia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Carpathians carpathian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | European bison | grass and leaves and bark and twigs | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient | | 2 | **keep** | present | European bison *not said here* | forest clearings | | | | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clearing=Theme | | 3 | **live** | present | herds | | | reserves in Polissia and the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reserve=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/7/) - next →: [Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/)