--- title: Dolphins rely on sound to hunt and to talk, so loud noise can hurt o… — Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black S… · tree and pragmatics description: Dolphins rely on sound to hunt and to talk, so loud noise can hurt or confuse them. Who acts: Dolphins, loud noise. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/) / 14 # Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies, sentence 14 Dolphins rely on sound to hunt and to talk, so loud noise can hurt or confuse them. **Who acts:** Dolphins, loud noise · **What happens:** rely, hunt, talk, hurt, confuse · **To what, where:** dolphin This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, loud noise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson:14 # text = Dolphins rely on sound to hunt and to talk, so loud noise can hurt or confuse them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 rely rely VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 hunt hunt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 talk talk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 12 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 noise noise NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 hurt hurt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:advcl 16 or or CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 confuse confuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rely** | present | Dolphins | | | | | on sound | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on sound=Theme | | 2 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | Dolphins *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **talk** | to-infinitive | Dolphins *not said here* | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hurt** | can | loud noise | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **confuse** | infinitive | loud noise *not said here* | dolphin | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/12/) - next →: [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/)