--- title: Sturgeons are ancient fish that have changed little since the age of… — Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black S… · tree and pragmatics description: Sturgeons are ancient fish that have changed little since the age of dinosaurs; the beluga sturgeon can live over 100 years and grow longer than a car, but overfishing for their eggs and meat and dams blocking their rivers have made them rare. Who acts: Sturgeons, ancient fish, beluga sturgeon, dams --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/) / 16 # Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies, sentence 16 Sturgeons are ancient fish that have changed little since the age of dinosaurs; the beluga sturgeon can live over 100 years and grow longer than a car, but overfishing for their eggs and meat and dams blocking their rivers have made them rare. **Who acts:** Sturgeons, ancient fish, beluga sturgeon, dams · **What happens:** be, change, live, grow, overfish, block · **To what, where:** ancient fish, rivers, sturgeons This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelicans, Black Sea dolphins, sturgeon and gobies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sturgeons, ancient fish, beluga sturgeon, dams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson:16 # text = Sturgeons are ancient fish that have changed little since the age of dinosaurs; the beluga sturgeon can live over 100 years and grow longer than a car, but overfishing for their eggs and meat and dams blocking their rivers have made them rare. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Sturgeons sturgeon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 parataxis _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 6 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 acl:relcl _ _ 8 little little ADV RB Degree=Pos 7 advmod _ _ 9 since since ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 beluga beluga NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 sturgeon sturgeon NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 parataxis _ _ 20 over over ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 100 100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 conj _ _ 25 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 24 advmod _ _ 26 than than ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 overfishing overfish VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 43 nsubj _ _ 32 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 dams dam NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 39 blocking block VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 38 acl _ _ 40 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 42 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 44 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ _ 45 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 xcomp _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=43:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Sturgeons | ancient fish | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | present · perfect | ancient fish | | | | since the age of dinosaurs | little *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **live** | can | the beluga sturgeon | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **grow** | infinitive | the beluga sturgeon *not said here* | | | | | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **overfish** | gerund | | | | | | for sturgeons's eggs and meat | tree rules | | 6 | **block** | gerund | dams *not said here* | sturgeons's rivers | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer river=Theme | | 7 | **make** | present · perfect | | sturgeons *= sturgeon* | | | | rare *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/15/) - next →: [Ukraine's waters: Danube delta pelican…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/374-ukraine-s-waters-danube-delta-pelicans-black-sea-dolphins-sturgeon-and-gobies/)