--- title: Storks soar on rising warm air called thermals, which hardly form ov… — White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and thei… · tree and pragmatics description: Storks soar on rising warm air called thermals, which hardly form over cold water, so soaring costs them far less energy than flapping. Who acts: Storks, rising warm air, thermals. A sentence of the lesson «White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [White storks: Ukraine's favourite bird…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/) / 13 # White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa, sentence 13 Storks soar on rising warm air called thermals, which hardly form over cold water, so soaring costs them far less energy than flapping. **Who acts:** Storks, rising warm air, thermals · **What happens:** soar, rise, call, form, cost, flap · **To what, where:** rising warm air, thermals, cold water, less energy · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «White storks: Ukraine's favourite birds and their journey to Africa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Storks, rising warm air, thermals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa.lesson:13 # text = Storks soar on rising warm air called thermals, which hardly form over cold water, so soaring costs them far less energy than flapping. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Storks stork NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 soar soar VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:case|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 4 rising rise VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 amod _ _ 5 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 thermals thermal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 11 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 over over ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 soaring soar VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 nsubj _ _ 19 costs cost VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 iobj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:iobj 21 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 22 advmod _ _ 22 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ _ 23 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 24 than than SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 25 flapping flap VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 advcl _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **soar** | present | Storks | | | rising warm air | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on air=Trajectory | | 2 | **rise** | gerund | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **call** | participle | rising warm air *not said here* | thermals | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thermal=Recipient | | 4 | **form** | present | thermals | | | cold water | | hardly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over water=Location | | 5 | **soar** | gerund | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **cost** | present | | less energy | thermals *= thermal* | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme they=Beneficiary energy=Value | | 7 | **flap** | gerund | | | | | | | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [White storks: Ukraine's favourite bird…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/11/) - next →: [White storks: Ukraine's favourite bird…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/375-white-storks-ukraine-s-favourite-birds-and-their-journey-to-africa/)