--- title: Sunflowers came from North America, reached Europe in the 1500s, and… — Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies,… · tree and pragmatics description: Sunflowers came from North America, reached Europe in the 1500s, and oil was pressed from them in the Russian Empire in the 1800s; historians report it spread partly because it was allowed during church fasts when butter was not. Who acts: Sunflowers, historians, oil. A sentence of the lesson «Ukrai --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/) / 10 # Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses, sentence 10 Sunflowers came from North America, reached Europe in the 1500s, and oil was pressed from them in the Russian Empire in the 1800s; historians report it spread partly because it was allowed during church fasts when butter was not. **Who acts:** Sunflowers, historians, oil · **What happens:** come, reach, press, report, spread, allow · **To what, where:** North America, Europe, 1500s, oil, Russian Empire This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sunflowers, historians, oil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:10 # text = Sunflowers came from North America, reached Europe in the 1500s, and oil was pressed from them in the Russian Empire in the 1800s; historians report it spread partly because it was allowed during church fasts when butter was not. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sunflowers sunflower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 8 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 pressed press VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl:agent _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 16 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 report report VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 31 partly partly ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 allowed allow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:conj 36 during during ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 church church NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 fasts fast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 39 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 42 advmod _ _ 40 butter but NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:nsubj 41 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 42 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 35 advcl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | Sunflowers | | | North America | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from america=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **reach** | past | Sunflowers *not said here* | Europe | | the 1500s | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | | 3 | **press** | past · passive | sunflowers *= sunflower* | oil | | the Russian Empire | | in the 1800s | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 4 | **report** | present | historians | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **spread** | past | oil | | | | | partly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **allow** | past · passive | | oil | | | during church fasts | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/9/) - next →: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/)