--- title: Kalyna, guelder rose or viburnum, is a symbol of Ukraine; its berrie… — Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies,… · tree and pragmatics description: Kalyna, guelder rose or viburnum, is a symbol of Ukraine; its berries are very bitter until frosts soften them, birds eat them in winter, and each berry has one flat seed. Who acts: Kalyna, berries, frosts, birds. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/) / 11 # Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses, sentence 11 Kalyna, guelder rose or viburnum, is a symbol of Ukraine; its berries are very bitter until frosts soften them, birds eat them in winter, and each berry has one flat seed. **Who acts:** Kalyna, berries, frosts, birds, berry · **What happens:** be, soften, eat, have · **To what, where:** symbol, berries, one flat seed This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kalyna, berries, frosts, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:11 # text = Kalyna, guelder rose or viburnum, is a symbol of Ukraine; its berries are very bitter until frosts soften them, birds eat them in winter, and each berry has one flat seed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Kalyna Kalyna PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 guelder guelder NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 rose rose NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:appos 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=4:cc 6 viburnum viburnum NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 symbol symbol NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 berries berry NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 16 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 very very ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 parataxis _ _ 19 until until SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 20 frosts frost NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 soften soften VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=21:cc 31 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 32 det _ _ 32 berry berry NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 34 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 35 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 seed seed NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Kalyna and guelder rose or viburnum | a symbol | | | | of Ukraine | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | viburnum's berries | | | | | bitter *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **soften** | present | frosts | berries *= berry* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **eat** | present | birds | berries *= berry* | | | winter | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 5 | **have** | present | each berry | one flat seed | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/10/) - next →: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/)