--- title: Ukraine's black earth, chornozem, was built over thousands of years… — Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies,… · tree and pragmatics description: Ukraine's black earth, chornozem, was built over thousands of years by steppe grass roots dying and rotting into the ground, and in places it is about a metre deep. Who acts: steppe grass roots, earth. A sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe g --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/) / 18 # Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses, sentence 18 Ukraine's black earth, chornozem, was built over thousands of years by steppe grass roots dying and rotting into the ground, and in places it is about a metre deep. **Who acts:** steppe grass roots, earth · **What happens:** build, die, rot, be · **To what, where:** black earth, thousands, ground, metre, places This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum, poppies, lime trees and steppe grasses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steppe grass roots, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:18 # text = Ukraine's black earth, chornozem, was built over thousands of years by steppe grass roots dying and rotting into the ground, and in places it is about a metre deep. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 chornozem chornozem NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 7 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 over over ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 16 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 roots root NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl:agent _ _ 18 dying die VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 acl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 rotting rot VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 conj _ _ 21 into into ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 30 about about ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 metre metre NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 33 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past · passive | steppe grass roots | Ukraine's black earth | | thousands of years | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | | 2 | **die** | gerund | steppe grass roots *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **rot** | gerund | steppe grass roots *not said here* | | | the ground | | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **is a** | present | earth | a metre | | places | | about *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/17/) - next →: [Ukraine's plants: sunflowers, viburnum…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/377-ukraine-s-plants-sunflowers-viburnum-poppies-lime-trees-and-steppe-grasses/)