--- title: The giant salamander takes much of its oxygen through its skin, and… — China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, ta… · tree and pragmatics description: The giant salamander takes much of its oxygen through its skin, and the wrinkly folds along its sides give it more skin; it has four toes on each front foot and five on each back foot. Who acts: giant salamander, wrinkly folds, salamander. A sentence of the lesson «China's mountains: golden snub-nos --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [China's mountains: golden snub-nosed m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/) / 19 # China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders, sentence 19 The giant salamander takes much of its oxygen through its skin, and the wrinkly folds along its sides give it more skin; it has four toes on each front foot and five on each back foot. **Who acts:** giant salamander, wrinkly folds, salamander · **What happens:** take, give, have · **To what, where:** much, skin, more skin, salamander, four toes, front foot This is a sentence of the lesson «China's mountains: golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red-crowned cranes and giant salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant salamander, wrinkly folds, salamander), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders.lesson:19 # text = The giant salamander takes much of its oxygen through its skin, and the wrinkly folds along its sides give it more skin; it has four toes on each front foot and five on each back foot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 salamander salamander NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 through through ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 wrinkly wrinkly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 folds fold NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 17 along along ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 20 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 iobj _ _ 22 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ _ 23 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 27 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 toes toe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 32 det _ _ 31 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 conj _ _ 35 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 38 det _ _ 37 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:nmod 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | present | the giant salamander | much of salamander's oxygen | | salamander's skin | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme | | 2 | **give** | present | the wrinkly folds along salamander's sides | more skin | salamander | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient skin=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | salamander | four toes | | each front foot | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [China's mountains: golden snub-nosed m…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/18/) - next →: [China's mountains: golden snub-nosed m…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/378-china-s-mountains-golden-snub-nosed-monkeys-takins-red-crowned-cranes-and-giant-salamanders/)