--- title: Cave lions lived in cold Europe and Asia; cave paintings show them w… — Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lio… · tree and pragmatics description: Cave lions lived in cold Europe and Asia; cave paintings show them without big manes, though we cannot be sure the males had none. Who acts: Cave lions, cave paintings, we, males. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone hous --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/) / 10 # Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 10 Cave lions lived in cold Europe and Asia; cave paintings show them without big manes, though we cannot be sure the males had none. **Who acts:** Cave lions, cave paintings, we, males · **What happens:** live, show, not be, have · **To what, where:** cold Europe, lions, none This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave lions, cave paintings, we, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:10 # text = Cave lions lived in cold Europe and Asia; cave paintings show them without big manes, though we cannot be sure the males had none. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 10 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 paintings painting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 without without ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 manes mane NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 though though SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 19 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 23 advmod _ _ 22 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 23 cop _ _ 23 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 advcl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 27 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 26 obj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | past | Cave lions | | | cold Europe and Asia | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in europe=Location | | 2 | **show** | present | cave paintings | lions *= lion* | | | | without big manes | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 3 | **not** **is** | can | we | | | | | sure *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **have** | past | the males | none | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/9/) - next →: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/)