--- title: Elasmotherium, the Siberian unicorn, was a giant rhino of the grassl… — Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lio… · tree and pragmatics description: Elasmotherium, the Siberian unicorn, was a giant rhino of the grasslands of Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia; only a bump on its skull shows where a big horn sat, and it was reported to live until about 39,000 years ago. Who acts: Elasmotherium, bump, big horn. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/) / 12 # Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 12 Elasmotherium, the Siberian unicorn, was a giant rhino of the grasslands of Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia; only a bump on its skull shows where a big horn sat, and it was reported to live until about 39,000 years ago. **Who acts:** Elasmotherium, bump, big horn · **What happens:** be, show, sit, report, live · **To what, where:** giant rhino, horn · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elasmotherium, bump, big horn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:12 # text = Elasmotherium, the Siberian unicorn, was a giant rhino of the grasslands of Ukraine, Russia and Central Asia; only a bump on its skull shows where a big horn sat, and it was reported to live until about 39,000 years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Elasmotherium Elasmotherium PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Siberian siberian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 unicorn unicorn NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 7 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 rhino rhino NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 grasslands grassland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 Russia Russia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 Central Central PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 flat _ _ 20 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 22 only only ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 bump bump NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 skull skull NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 29 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 33 advmod _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:det 31 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:amod 32 horn horn NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 sat sit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 conj _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _ 41 until until ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 about about ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 39,000 39,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 44 nummod _ _ 44 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:obl 45 ago ago ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Elasmotherium | a giant rhino | | | | of the grasslands of Ukraine and Russia and Central Asia | tree rules | | 2 | **show** | present | a bump bump's skull | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **sit** | past | a big horn | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **report** | past · passive | | horn | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 5 | **live** | to-infinitive | | | | | | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/11/) - next →: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/)