--- title: A mammoth chewed with four big grinding teeth at a time, one in each… — Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lio… · tree and pragmatics description: A mammoth chewed with four big grinding teeth at a time, one in each half of each jaw, and had two tusks; worn teeth were replaced about six times in a life. Who acts: mammoth. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/) / 16 # Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 16 A mammoth chewed with four big grinding teeth at a time, one in each half of each jaw, and had two tusks; worn teeth were replaced about six times in a life. **Who acts:** mammoth · **What happens:** chew, grind, have, wear, replace · **To what, where:** two tusks, worn teeth, life This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mammoth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:16 # text = A mammoth chewed with four big grinding teeth at a time, one in each half of each jaw, and had two tusks; worn teeth were replaced about six times in a life. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 mammoth mammoth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 chewed chew VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 6 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 grinding grind VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 amod _ _ 8 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 16 det _ _ 16 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 13 nmod _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 19 det _ _ 19 jaw jaw NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 worn wear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 replaced replace VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj 30 about about ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl:unmarked _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **chew** | past | a mammoth | | | | time | with four big grinding teeth | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **grind** | gerund | | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **have** | past | a mammoth *not said here* | two tusks | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | | 4 | **wear** | participle | | | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **replace** | past · passive | | worn teeth | | a life | time | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/15/) - next →: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/)