--- title: Cave hyenas cracked bones with powerful jaws and dragged them to the… — Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lio… · tree and pragmatics description: Cave hyenas cracked bones with powerful jaws and dragged them to their dens, which scientists find by gnawed bones and fossil droppings. Who acts: Cave hyenas, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/) / 17 # Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 17 Cave hyenas cracked bones with powerful jaws and dragged them to their dens, which scientists find by gnawed bones and fossil droppings. **Who acts:** Cave hyenas, scientists · **What happens:** cave, crack, drag, find, gnaw · **To what, where:** bones, dens This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave hyenas, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:17 # text = Cave hyenas cracked bones with powerful jaws and dragged them to their dens, which scientists find by gnawed bones and fossil droppings. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2 1 Cave cave VERB NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 cracked crack VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 powerful powerful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 9 dragged drag VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 dens den NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 obj _ _ 16 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 18 by by ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 gnawed gnaw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 amod _ _ 20 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=20:cc 22 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 droppings dropping NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cave** | | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **crack** | past | Cave hyenas | bones | | | | with powerful jaws | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bone=Patient with jaw=Instrument | | 3 | **drag** | past | Cave hyenas *not said here* | bones *= bone* | | jaws's dens | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to den=Destination | | 4 | **find** | present | scientists | jaws's dens | | | | by gnawed bones and fossil droppings | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Topic | | 5 | **gnaw** | participle | | | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/16/) - next →: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/)