--- title: Ice Age Ukraine was mostly cold dry grassland, the mammoth steppe, a… — Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lio… · tree and pragmatics description: Ice Age Ukraine was mostly cold dry grassland, the mammoth steppe, and the steppe bison was bigger than today's bison with longer horns. Who acts: Ice Age, steppe bison. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/) / 18 # Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses, sentence 18 Ice Age Ukraine was mostly cold dry grassland, the mammoth steppe, and the steppe bison was bigger than today's bison with longer horns. **Who acts:** Ice Age, steppe bison · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** cold dry grassland This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears, cave lions, the Siberian unicorn and mammoth-bone houses» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ice Age, steppe bison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:18 # text = Ice Age Ukraine was mostly cold dry grassland, the mammoth steppe, and the steppe bison was bigger than today's bison with longer horns. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ice Ice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 Age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 5 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 6 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 grassland grassland NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 mammoth mammoth NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 12 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 steppe steppe NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 bison bison NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 8 conj _ _ 20 than than ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 's 's PART POS _ 21 case _ _ 23 bison bison NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 longer long ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 26 amod _ _ 26 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Ice Age | cold dry grassland and the mammoth steppe | | | | mostly *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | past | the steppe bison | | | | | than today's bison with longer horns; big *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/17/) - next →: [Ice Age Ukraine and Europe: cave bears…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/385-ice-age-ukraine-and-europe-cave-bears-cave-lions-the-siberian-unicorn-and-mammoth-bone-houses/)