--- title: Orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra, use… — Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bo… · tree and pragmatics description: Orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra, use big leaves as umbrellas, and one wild orangutan was reported to put chewed plant juice on a cut on his face, which then healed. Who acts: Orangutans, face. A sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bon --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/) / 15 # Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 15 Orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra, use big leaves as umbrellas, and one wild orangutan was reported to put chewed plant juice on a cut on his face, which then healed. **Who acts:** Orangutans, face · **What happens:** live, use, report, put, chew, heal · **To what, where:** rainforests, big leaves, one wild orangutan, chewed plant juice, cut This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orangutans, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:15 # text = Orangutans, which live in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra, use big leaves as umbrellas, and one wild orangutan was reported to put chewed plant juice on a cut on his face, which then healed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Orangutans orangutan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _ 4 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 acl:relcl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 rainforests rainforest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Borneo Borneo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 Sumatra Sumatra PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 as as ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 umbrellas umbrella NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 20 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 21 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 orangutan orangutan NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 27 chewed chew VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 amod _ _ 28 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 juice juice NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 cut cut NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 33 on on ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:obl 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 38 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 39 advmod _ _ 39 healed heal VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | Orangutans | | | the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location | | 2 | **use** | present | Orangutans | big leaves | | | | as umbrellas | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent leaf=Duration as umbrella=Attribute | | 3 | **report** | past · passive | | one wild orangutan | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 4 | **put** | to-infinitive | | chewed plant juice | | a cut on Sumatra's face | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent juice=Theme on cut=Destination | | 5 | **chew** | participle | | | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **heal** | past | Sumatra's face | | | | then | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/14/) - next →: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/)