---
title: Apes have five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot, with… — Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Apes have five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot, with a grasping big toe; a chimp's thumb is shorter than ours. Who acts: Apes, thumb. A sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with
---

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# Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 16

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Apes have five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot, with a grasping big toe; a chimp's thumb is shorter than ours.

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**Who acts:** Apes, thumb · **What happens:** have, grasp, be · **To what, where:** five fingers, hand

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apes, thumb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:16
# text = Apes have five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot, with a grasping big toe; a chimp's thumb is shorter than ours.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	grasping	grasp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:det
22	chimp	chimp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	parataxis	_	_
27	than	than	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Apes | five fingers and five toes on each foot and a grasping big toe |  | each hand |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |
| 2 | **grasp** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | a chimp's thumb |  |  |  |  | than ours; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/15/)
- next →: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/18/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/)