---
title: Koko the gorilla used many signs, but scientists still argue how muc… — Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Koko the gorilla used many signs, but scientists still argue how much she understood, so careful tests are needed. Who acts: Koko, scientists, gorilla. A sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school wi
---

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# Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 18

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Koko the gorilla used many signs, but scientists still argue how much she understood, so careful tests are needed.

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**Who acts:** Koko, scientists, gorilla · **What happens:** use, argue, understand, need · **To what, where:** many signs, much, careful tests · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koko, scientists, gorilla), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:18
# text = Koko the gorilla used many signs, but scientists still argue how much she understood, so careful tests are needed.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Koko	Koko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:compound
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	still	still	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Koko | many signs |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |
| 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists |  |  |  | still |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **understand** | past | gorilla | much |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer much=Stimulus |
| 4 | **need** | present · passive |  | careful tests |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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