--- title: Chimps in West Africa crack nuts by putting them on a stone or root… — Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bo… · tree and pragmatics description: Chimps in West Africa crack nuts by putting them on a stone or root anvil and hitting them with a hammer stone; it takes years of practice. Who acts: Chimps, nuts, it. A sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/) / 8 # Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory, sentence 8 Chimps in West Africa crack nuts by putting them on a stone or root anvil and hitting them with a hammer stone; it takes years of practice. **Who acts:** Chimps, nuts, it · **What happens:** crack, put, hit, take · **To what, where:** nuts, chimps, stone This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Kanzi the bonobo and Ayumu's memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimps, nuts, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:8 # text = Chimps in West Africa crack nuts by putting them on a stone or root anvil and hitting them with a hammer stone; it takes years of practice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Chimps chimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 crack crack VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 nuts nut NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 by by SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 putting put VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 9 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 on on ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 root root NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 anvil anvil NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 hitting hit VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 conj _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 hammer hammer NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 26 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 practice practice NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **crack** | present | Chimps in West Africa | nuts | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location nut=Theme | | 2 | **put** | gerund | nuts *not said here* | chimps *= chimp* | | a stone or root anvil | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on stone=Destination | | 3 | **hit** | gerund | nuts *not said here* | chimps *= chimp* | | | | with a hammer stone | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with stone=Instrument | | 4 | **take** | present | it | | | | year | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/7/) - next →: [Clever primates: tool-using chimps, Ka…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/387-clever-primates-tool-using-chimps-kanzi-the-bonobo-and-ayumu-s-memory/)