--- title: Over a hundred years ago a scientist put cats in puzzle boxes and ti… — How scientists test animal minds: the mirror tes… · tree and pragmatics description: Over a hundred years ago a scientist put cats in puzzle boxes and timed them; they got faster with each try, learning by trial and error. Who acts: scientist, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists test animal minds: the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/) / 11 # How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 11 Over a hundred years ago a scientist put cats in puzzle boxes and timed them; they got faster with each try, learning by trial and error. **Who acts:** scientist, scientists · **What happens:** put, time, get, learn · **To what, where:** cats, puzzle boxes, scientists This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientist, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:11 # text = Over a hundred years ago a scientist put cats in puzzle boxes and timed them; they got faster with each try, learning by trial and error. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Over over ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 3 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 ago ago ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 scientist scientist NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 puzzle puzzle NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 boxes box NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 timed time VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 19 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 18 xcomp _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 22 det _ _ 22 try try NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 learning learn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 advcl _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 trial trial NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 error error NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **put** | past | a scientist | cats | | puzzle boxes | | ago *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cat=Theme in box=Destination | | 2 | **time** | past | a scientist *not said here* | scientists *= scientist* | | | | | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 3 | **get** | past | scientists *= scientist* | | | | | with each try; fast *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **learn** | gerund | scientists *= scientist* *not said here* | | | | | by trial and error | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/10/) - next →: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/)