--- title: In a test reported in 2021, cuttlefish waited for their favourite sh… — How scientists test animal minds: the mirror tes… · tree and pragmatics description: In a test reported in 2021, cuttlefish waited for their favourite shrimp instead of eating a less tasty crab at once, which needs self-control. Who acts: cuttlefish, tasty crab. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists test animal minds: the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/) / 15 # How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 15 In a test reported in 2021, cuttlefish waited for their favourite shrimp instead of eating a less tasty crab at once, which needs self-control. **Who acts:** cuttlefish, tasty crab · **What happens:** report, wait, eat, need · **To what, where:** test, 2021, tasty crab, self control This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuttlefish, tasty crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:15 # text = In a test reported in 2021, cuttlefish waited for their favourite shrimp instead of eating a less tasty crab at once, which needs self-control. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 4 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 2021 2021 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 8 cuttlefish cuttlefish NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 waited wait VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 favourite favourite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 shrimp shrimp NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 14 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 14 fixed _ _ 16 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 19 advmod _ _ 19 tasty tasty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 crab crab NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 21 at at ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 20 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 25 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 26 self self NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ _ 28 control control NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | participle | | a test *not said here* | | 2021 | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **wait** | past | cuttlefish | | | a test | | for children's favourite shrimp | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in test=Location | | 3 | **eat** | gerund | cuttlefish *not said here* | a tasty crab | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crab=Patient | | 4 | **need** | present | a tasty crab | self control | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot control=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/14/) - next →: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/)