--- title: Over a hundred years ago a horse called Clever Hans seemed to do sum… — How scientists test animal minds: the mirror tes… · tree and pragmatics description: Over a hundred years ago a horse called Clever Hans seemed to do sums by tapping his hoof. Who acts: horse. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists test animal minds: the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/) / 2 # How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans, sentence 2 Over a hundred years ago a horse called Clever Hans seemed to do sums by tapping his hoof. **Who acts:** horse · **What happens:** call, seem, do, tap · **To what, where:** horse, sums, hoof · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists test animal minds: the mirror test, puzzle boxes and Clever Hans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:2 # text = Over a hundred years ago a horse called Clever Hans seemed to do sums by tapping his hoof. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Over over ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 3 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl 5 ago ago ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advmod 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 Clever Clever PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 Hans Hans PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 xcomp _ _ 11 seemed seem VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 sums sum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 by by SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 16 tapping tap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 hoof hoof NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed hedge=0 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | participle | | a horse *not said here* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **seem** | past | a horse | | | | | ago *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | | 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | a horse *not said here* | sums | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality | | 4 | **tap** | gerund | a horse *not said here* | horse's hoof | | | | | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent hoof=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/1/) - next →: [How scientists test animal minds: the…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/389-how-scientists-test-animal-minds-the-mirror-test-puzzle-boxes-and-clever-hans/)