--- title: Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are molluscs, cousins of snails, who… — Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish · tree and pragmatics description: Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are molluscs, cousins of snails, whose shells have shrunk inside or vanished, which turned them into soft, clever, shape-changing hunters. Who acts: Octopuses, shells. A sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/) / 0 # Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, sentence 0 Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are molluscs, cousins of snails, whose shells have shrunk inside or vanished, which turned them into soft, clever, shape-changing hunters. **Who acts:** Octopuses, shells · **What happens:** be, shrink, vanish, turn, change · **To what, where:** molluscs, shells, soft clever changing hunters This is a sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Octopuses, shells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:0 # text = Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish are molluscs, cousins of snails, whose shells have shrunk inside or vanished, which turned them into soft, clever, shape-changing hunters. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Octopuses octopus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 3 squid squid NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 cuttlefish cuttlefish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 molluscs mollusc NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 snails snail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 shrunk shrink VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 acl:relcl _ _ 17 inside inside ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 or or CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 vanished vanish VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 into into ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 25 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 clever clever ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 shape shape ADJ JJ _ 31 compound _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 31 changing change VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:_ 32 hunters hunter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Octopuses and squid and cuttlefish | molluscs | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **shrink** | present · perfect | shells | | | | | inside *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **vanish** | participle | shells *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **turn** | past | | shells *= shell* | | soft clever changing hunters | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into hunter=Trajectory | | 5 | **change** | gerund | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Spiders, scorpions and other eight-leg…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/38-spiders-scorpions-and-eight-legged-creatures/18/) - next →: [Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/)