--- title: The cuttlebone is a cuttlefish's inside shell, full of tiny chambers… — Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish · tree and pragmatics description: The cuttlebone is a cuttlefish's inside shell, full of tiny chambers of gas and liquid that help it float or sink; budgies peck it for calcium. Who acts: cuttlebone, tiny chambers, budgies. A sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/) / 17 # Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, sentence 17 The cuttlebone is a cuttlefish's inside shell, full of tiny chambers of gas and liquid that help it float or sink; budgies peck it for calcium. **Who acts:** cuttlebone, tiny chambers, budgies · **What happens:** be, help, float, sink, peck · **To what, where:** inside shell, cuttlebone This is a sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuttlebone, tiny chambers, budgies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:17 # text = The cuttlebone is a cuttlefish's inside shell, full of tiny chambers of gas and liquid that help it float or sink; budgies peck it for calcium. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cuttlebone cuttlebone NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cuttlefish cuttlefish NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 inside inside ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 chambers chamber NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 liquid liquid NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 float float VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 or or CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 sink sink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 budgies budgie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 peck peck VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 calcium calcium NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the cuttlebone | a cuttlefish's inside shell | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **help** | present | tiny chambers of gas and liquid | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **float** | infinitive | cuttlebone | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **sink** | infinitive | cuttlebone *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **peck** | present | budgies | cuttlebone | | | | for calcium | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/16/) - next →: [Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/39-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish/)