---
title: An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is a parrot-like beak, s… — Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish · tree and pragmatics
description: An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is a parrot-like beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak. Who acts: octopus, only hard part, blood. A sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish, sentence 7

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An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is a parrot-like beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak.

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**Who acts:** octopus, only hard part, blood · **What happens:** have, be, squeeze · **To what, where:** bones, like beak, gap

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Octopuses, squid and cuttlefish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (octopus, only hard part, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:7
# text = An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is a parrot-like beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
22	through	through	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obj
25	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a octopus | no bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | blood's only hard part | a like beak |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **squeeze** | can | blood |  |  | any gap |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through gap=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:039-octopuses-squid-and-cuttlefish.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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