--- title: Wild elephants in Africa were reported to sleep only about two hours… — How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standin… · tree and pragmatics description: Wild elephants in Africa were reported to sleep only about two hours a night, mostly standing, and some nights not at all. A sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/) / 13 # How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 13 Wild elephants in Africa were reported to sleep only about two hours a night, mostly standing, and some nights not at all. **What happens:** report, sleep, stand · **To what, where:** Wild elephants This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:13 # text = Wild elephants in Africa were reported to sleep only about two hours a night, mostly standing, and some nights not at all. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 sleep sleep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _ 9 only only ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:advmod 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 standing stand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 21 nights night NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 23 at at ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 17 conj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | past · passive | | Wild elephants in Africa | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | | | | | hour; night | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **stand** | gerund | | | | | | mostly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/12/) - next →: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/)