--- title: Big plant-eaters like giraffes and elephants sleep only a short time… — How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standin… · tree and pragmatics description: Big plant-eaters like giraffes and elephants sleep only a short time, because they need many hours to eat and lying down can be dangerous with lions about. Who acts: Big plant eaters, eaters, lying. A sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping gi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/) / 4 # How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 4 Big plant-eaters like giraffes and elephants sleep only a short time, because they need many hours to eat and lying down can be dangerous with lions about. **Who acts:** Big plant eaters, eaters, lying · **What happens:** sleep, need, eat, lie down, be This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big plant eaters, eaters, lying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:4 # text = Big plant-eaters like giraffes and elephants sleep only a short time, because they need many hours to eat and lying down can be dangerous with lions about. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 2 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 eaters eater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 5 like like ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 giraffes giraffe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 9 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 because because SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 18 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 lying lie VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 csubj _ _ 24 down down ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 27 cop _ _ 27 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 30 about about ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sleep** | present | Big plant eaters like giraffes and elephants | | | | time | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **need** | present | eaters *= eater* | | | | hour | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 3 | **eat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | eaters *= eater* *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **lie down** | gerund | | | | | | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | can | lying | | | | | with lions; dangerous *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/3/) - next →: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/)