--- title: Frigatebirds can fly for weeks without landing; scientists found the… — How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standin… · tree and pragmatics description: Frigatebirds can fly for weeks without landing; scientists found they slept less than an hour a day while flying, mostly in seconds-long naps, but about twelve hours a day on land. Who acts: Frigatebirds, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/) / 9 # How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 9 Frigatebirds can fly for weeks without landing; scientists found they slept less than an hour a day while flying, mostly in seconds-long naps, but about twelve hours a day on land. **Who acts:** Frigatebirds, scientists · **What happens:** fly, land, find, sleep · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frigatebirds, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:9 # text = Frigatebirds can fly for weeks without landing; scientists found they slept less than an hour a day while flying, mostly in seconds-long naps, but about twelve hours a day on land. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Frigatebirds frigatebird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 weeks week NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 without without SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 landing land VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 slept sleep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 ccomp _ _ 13 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 16 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:amod 14 than than ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl:unmarked _ _ 19 while while SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 20 flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ _ 26 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 naps nap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 about about ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 twelve twelve NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod:unmarked _ _ 35 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:nmod 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | can | Frigatebirds | | | | week | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **land** | gerund | Frigatebirds *not said here* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **find** | past | scientists | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **sleep** | past | scientists *= scientist* | | | | day; hour | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **fly** | gerund | scientists *= scientist* *not said here* | | | | second | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/8/) - next →: [How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphin…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/)