--- title: Most bites and stings are animals defending themselves or feeding: a… — Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps,… · tree and pragmatics description: Most bites and stings are animals defending themselves or feeding: a bee stings when squashed, a dog bites when it is scared or someone takes its bone, a cat scratches when its tail is pulled. Who acts: Most bites, dog, someone, cat. A sentence of the lesson «Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/) / 2 # Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches, sentence 2 Most bites and stings are animals defending themselves or feeding: a bee stings when squashed, a dog bites when it is scared or someone takes its bone, a cat scratches when its tail is pulled. **Who acts:** Most bites, dog, someone, cat · **What happens:** defend, feed, squash, bite, be, take · **To what, where:** animals, bone, tail This is a sentence of the lesson «Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most bites, dog, someone, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson:2 # text = Most bites and stings are animals defending themselves or feeding: a bee stings when squashed, a dog bites when it is scared or someone takes its bone, a cat scratches when its tail is pulled. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 bites bite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 stings sting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 defending defend VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 8 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 7 obj _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 feeding feed VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 conj _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 bee bee NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 stings sting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 parataxis _ _ 15 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 16 squashed squash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 bites bite VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 21 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 24 advmod _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 scared scared ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:parataxis 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 27 nsubj _ _ 27 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 scratches scratch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 34 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 38 advmod _ _ 35 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 pulled pull VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 advcl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **defend** | present · progressive | Most bites and stings | animals *= animal* | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | | 2 | **feed** | gerund | Most bites and stings *not said here* | | | | | | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **squash** | participle | | | | | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **bite** | present | a dog | | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | present | dog | | | | | scared *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **take** | present | someone | dog's bone | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | | 7 | **scratch** | present | a cat | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **pull** | present · passive | | dog's tail | | | | | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoe…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/1/) - next →: [Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoe…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/)