--- title: Spotted hyenas live in clans led by females, catch most of their own… — The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds · tree and pragmatics description: Spotted hyenas live in clans led by females, catch most of their own food and use whoops and giggles to talk; lions often steal from hyenas as well as the other way round. Who acts: Spotted hyenas, lions. A sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The savanna: grass, trees and the grea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/) / 12 # The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 12 Spotted hyenas live in clans led by females, catch most of their own food and use whoops and giggles to talk; lions often steal from hyenas as well as the other way round. **Who acts:** Spotted hyenas, lions · **What happens:** spot, live, lead, catch, use, talk · **To what, where:** clans, most, whoops, hyenas This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spotted hyenas, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:12 # text = Spotted hyenas live in clans led by females, catch most of their own food and use whoops and giggles to talk; lions often steal from hyenas as well as the other way round. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 004-the-savanna.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Spotted spot VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 amod _ _ 2 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 clans clan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 catch catch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 10 obj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 18 whoops whoop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 giggles giggle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 talk talk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 advcl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 24 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 often often ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 steal steal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 as as ADV RB ExtPos=ADV 3 advmod _ _ 30 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 29 fixed _ _ 31 as as ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 35 round round ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advmod 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spot** | participle | | | | | | | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | | 2 | **live** | present | Spotted hyenas | | | clans | | as the other way | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in clan=Location | | 3 | **lead** | participle | | clans *not said here* | | | | by females | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by female=Destination | | 4 | **catch** | present | Spotted hyenas *not said here* | most of hyenas's own food | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme | | 5 | **use** | present | Spotted hyenas *not said here* | whoops and giggles | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whoop=Patient | | 6 | **talk** | to-infinitive | Spotted hyenas *not said here* | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **steal** | present | lions | | | hyenas | | often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The savanna: grass, trees and the grea…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/11/) - next →: [The savanna: grass, trees and the grea…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/)