---
title: The ostrich is the largest living bird; it cannot fly but runs at ab… — The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds · tree and pragmatics
description: The ostrich is the largest living bird; it cannot fly but runs at about 70 km per hour on long legs with only two toes on each foot. Who acts: ostrich. A sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and
---

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# The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ostrich is the largest living bird; it cannot fly but runs at about 70 km per hour on long legs with only two toes on each foot.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ostrich · **What happens:** be, not fly, run · **To what, where:** largest living bird, 70 km

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ostrich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:15
# text = The ostrich is the largest living bird; it cannot fly but runs at about 70 km per hour on long legs with only two toes on each foot.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 004-the-savanna.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
6	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=12:cc
14	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
19	per	per	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	only	only	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	det	_	_
30	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the ostrich | the largest living bird |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **fly** | can | ostrich |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | present | ostrich *not said here* |  |  | 70 km per hour |  | on long legs; with two toes on each foot | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at km=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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