---
title: On a hot afternoon at a safari park the lions lie flat in the shade… — The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds · tree and pragmatics
description: On a hot afternoon at a safari park the lions lie flat in the shade like big sleepy cats: they hunt mostly at dusk, at night and at dawn, and resting in the heat saves their energy and water. Who acts: lions, resting. A sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the bi
---

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# The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a hot afternoon at a safari park the lions lie flat in the shade like big sleepy cats: they hunt mostly at dusk, at night and at dawn, and resting in the heat saves their energy and water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lions, resting · **What happens:** lie, hunt, rest, save · **To what, where:** shade, heat, energy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, resting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:4
# text = On a hot afternoon at a safari park the lions lie flat in the shade like big sleepy cats: they hunt mostly at dusk, at night and at dawn, and resting in the heat saves their energy and water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 004-the-savanna.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	safari	safari	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
12	flat	flat	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
23	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	38	csubj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	saves	save	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
39	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | the lions |  |  | the shade like big sleepy cats | afternoon | flat *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | lions *= lion* |  |  |  | dusk; night |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rest** | gerund |  |  |  | the heat |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heat=Location |
| 4 | **save** | present | resting | lions's energy and water |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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