---
title: True flies, like houseflies, hoverflies and mosquitoes, have only tw… — Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails · tree and pragmatics
description: True flies, like houseflies, hoverflies and mosquitoes, have only two wings; their back pair has shrunk into tiny knobs called halteres. Who acts: True flies, back pair, tiny knobs. A sentence of the lesson «Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails» of the biology course of Mova's primary schoo
---

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# Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails, sentence 14

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True flies, like houseflies, hoverflies and mosquitoes, have only two wings; their back pair has shrunk into tiny knobs called halteres.

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**Who acts:** True flies, back pair, tiny knobs · **What happens:** have, shrink, call · **To what, where:** two wings, tiny knobs, halteres · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (True flies, back pair, tiny knobs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:040-counting-legs-arms-wings-and-tails.lesson:14
# text = True flies, like houseflies, hoverflies and mosquitoes, have only two wings; their back pair has shrunk into tiny knobs called halteres.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 040-counting-legs-arms-wings-and-tails.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	houseflies	housefly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	hoverflies	hoverfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	back	back	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	shrunk	shrink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	knobs	knob	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	xcomp	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | True flies like houseflies and hoverflies and mosquitoes | two wings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |
| 2 | **shrink** | present · perfect | wings's back pair |  |  |  |  | into tiny knobs *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into knob=Result |
| 3 | **call** | participle | tiny knobs *not said here* | halteres |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:040-counting-legs-arms-wings-and-tails.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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