---
title: Mayflies are eaten by trout and other fish that leap up at them, not… — The real animals of the river bank: the water vo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Mayflies are eaten by trout and other fish that leap up at them, not by otters; an adult mayfly lives only a day or two and cannot even eat, after a year or more as a young nymph under the water. Who acts: trout, other fish, adult mayfly. A sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the river bank:
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/17/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The real animals of the river bank: th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/) / 17

# The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mayflies are eaten by trout and other fish that leap up at them, not by otters; an adult mayfly lives only a day or two and cannot even eat, after a year or more as a young nymph under the water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trout, other fish, adult mayfly · **What happens:** eat, leap up, live, not eat · **To what, where:** Mayflies

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the river bank: the water vole, the mole, the otter, the toad and the river birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trout, other fish, adult mayfly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds.lesson:17
# text = Mayflies are eaten by trout and other fish that leap up at them, not by otters; an adult mayfly lives only a day or two and cannot even eat, after a year or more as a young nymph under the water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3
1	Mayflies	mayfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	trout	trout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=5:cc
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	leap	leap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	otters	otter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	mayfly	mayfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	only	only	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=22:cc
29	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
31	even	even	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	after	after	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	conj	_	_
39	as	as	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	nymph	nymph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
43	under	under	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present · passive | trout and other fish | Mayflies |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **leap up** | present | other fish |  |  |  |  | at Mayflies *= mayfly* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at they=Trajectory |
| 3 | **live** | present | a adult mayfly |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **eat** | can | a adult mayfly *not said here* |  |  |  | year | as a young nymph under the water | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The real animals of the river bank: th…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/16/)
- next →: [The real animals of the river bank: th…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/18/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/403-the-real-animals-of-the-river-bank-water-vole-mole-otter-toad-and-the-river-birds/)