--- title: An elephant's trunk is its nose and upper lip joined together, with… — The real animals of the Just So Stories: the wha… · tree and pragmatics description: An elephant's trunk is its nose and upper lip joined together, with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; elephant ancestors tens of millions of years ago had only a short nose, and trunks grew longer slowly over millions of years. Who acts: trunk, upper lip, elephant ancestors, tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The real animals of the Just So Storie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/) / 14 # The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab, sentence 14 An elephant's trunk is its nose and upper lip joined together, with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; elephant ancestors tens of millions of years ago had only a short nose, and trunks grew longer slowly over millions of years. **Who acts:** trunk, upper lip, elephant ancestors, trunks · **What happens:** be, join, have, grow · **To what, where:** nose, tens, millions This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trunk, upper lip, elephant ancestors, trunks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab.lesson:14 # text = An elephant's trunk is its nose and upper lip joined together, with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; elephant ancestors tens of millions of years ago had only a short nose, and trunks grew longer slowly over millions of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 2 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 lip lip NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 11 joined join VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl _ _ 12 together together ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 det _ _ 16 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nmod _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 23 muscle muscle NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 bundles bundle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 26 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 28 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl:unmarked _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ _ 33 ago ago ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 only only ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 41 trunks trunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 42 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 43 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 42 advmod _ _ 44 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 45 over over ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a elephant's trunk | trunk's nose and upper lip | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **join** | past | upper lip *not said here* | | | | | with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with bone=Co-Patient | | 3 | **have** | past | elephant ancestors | tens of millions of years | | | | ago *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | past | trunks | | | millions of years | | long, slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over million=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The real animals of the Just So Storie…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/13/) - next →: [The real animals of the Just So Storie…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/)