--- title: These egg-laying mammals are called monotremes: the platypus, with a… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay e… · tree and pragmatics description: These egg-laying mammals are called monotremes: the platypus, with a duck-like bill, and four kinds of spiny echidna; they kept an ancient way of having babies that the other mammals lost long ago. Who acts: Mammals, ancient way. A sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that l --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/) / 1 # The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 1 These egg-laying mammals are called monotremes: the platypus, with a duck-like bill, and four kinds of spiny echidna; they kept an ancient way of having babies that the other mammals lost long ago. **Who acts:** Mammals, ancient way · **What happens:** lay, call, keep, have, lose · **To what, where:** laying mammals, ancient way, babies, other mammals · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammals, ancient way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:1 # text = These egg-laying mammals are called monotremes: the platypus, with a duck-like bill, and four kinds of spiny echidna; they kept an ancient way of having babies that the other mammals lost long ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 These this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:det 2 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 4 laying lay VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 monotremes monotreme NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 xcomp _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 platypus platypus NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:xcomp 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 15 duck duck NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 17 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 bill bill NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:nmod 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 spiny spiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 echidna echidna NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 29 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 of of SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 having have VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 acl _ _ 34 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 35 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=39:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 39 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 advcl _ _ 40 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 41 advmod _ _ 41 ago ago ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lay** | gerund | | | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | this laying mammals | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 3 | **keep** | past | Mammals *= mammal* | a ancient way | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | | 4 | **have** | gerund | a ancient way *not said here* | babies | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient | | 5 | **lose** | participle · passive | | the other mammals | | | | ago *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/0/) - next →: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/)