--- title: An echidna is covered in spines that are thick hairs; it walks slowl… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay e… · tree and pragmatics description: An echidna is covered in spines that are thick hairs; it walks slowly and cannot run from danger, so when frightened it curls into a ball or digs straight down until only its spines show. Who acts: spines, echidna. A sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/) / 12 # The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 12 An echidna is covered in spines that are thick hairs; it walks slowly and cannot run from danger, so when frightened it curls into a ball or digs straight down until only its spines show. **Who acts:** spines, echidna · **What happens:** cover, be, walk, not run, frighten, curl · **To what, where:** echidna, thick hairs, danger, ball This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spines, echidna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:12 # text = An echidna is covered in spines that are thick hairs; it walks slowly and cannot run from danger, so when frightened it curls into a ball or digs straight down until only its spines show. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 echidna echidna NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 acl:relcl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 walks walk VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advcl 14 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 19 from from ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 danger danger NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 24 advmod _ _ 24 frightened frighten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 curls curl VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 27 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 digs dig VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 32 straight straight ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 down down ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 34 until until SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 35 only only ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:advmod 36 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:advcl 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | a echidna | | | | in spines | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spine=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | spines | thick hairs | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **walk** | present | echidna | | | | | slowly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **not** **run** | can | echidna *not said here* | | | danger | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from danger=Trajectory | | 5 | **frighten** | participle | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **curl** | present | echidna | | | a ball | | | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination | | 7 | **dig** | present | echidna *not said here* | | | | | down *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **show** | present | echidna's spines | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/11/) - next →: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/)