---
title: Echidnas can survive bushfires by hiding in burrows or logs and lowe… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay e… · tree and pragmatics
description: Echidnas can survive bushfires by hiding in burrows or logs and lowering their body temperature and heartbeat, a state called torpor; their normal body temperature is only about 32 degrees, and because keeping warm burns food, a cooler body needs less food. Who acts: Echidnas, state, normal body tem
---

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# The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Echidnas can survive bushfires by hiding in burrows or logs and lowering their body temperature and heartbeat, a state called torpor; their normal body temperature is only about 32 degrees, and because keeping warm burns food, a cooler body needs less food.

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**Who acts:** Echidnas, state, normal body temperature, cooler body · **What happens:** survive, hide, lower, call, be, keep · **To what, where:** bushfires, burrows, body temperature, torpor, 32 degrees, burns food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Echidnas, state, normal body temperature, cooler body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:15
# text = Echidnas can survive bushfires by hiding in burrows or logs and lowering their body temperature and heartbeat, a state called torpor; their normal body temperature is only about 32 degrees, and because keeping warm burns food, a cooler body needs less food.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Echidnas	echidna	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	burrows	burrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lowering	lower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	torpor	torpor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
25	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
29	only	only	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	about	about	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	32	32	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	nummod	_	_
32	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
35	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
36	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	44	advcl	_	_
37	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	burns	burn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	compound	_	_
39	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	cooler	cool	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	43	amod	_	_
43	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
44	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
45	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	46	amod	_	_
46	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | can | Echidnas | bushfires |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bushfire=Circumstance |
| 2 | **hide** | gerund | Echidnas *not said here* |  |  | burrows or logs |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in burrow=Location |
| 3 | **lower** | gerund | Echidnas *not said here* | logs's body temperature and heartbeat |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme |
| 4 | **call** | participle | a state *not said here* | torpor |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | temperature's normal body temperature | 32 degrees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **keep** | gerund | a cooler body *not said here* | burns food |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 7 | **need** | present | a cooler body | less food |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot food=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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