--- title: Other mammals give birth: a hedgehog looks a bit like an echidna but… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay e… · tree and pragmatics description: Other mammals give birth: a hedgehog looks a bit like an echidna but has live babies, and a kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby that grows in its pouch. Who acts: Other mammals, hedgehog, kangaroo, tiny live baby. A sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/) / 16 # The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 16 Other mammals give birth: a hedgehog looks a bit like an echidna but has live babies, and a kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby that grows in its pouch. **Who acts:** Other mammals, hedgehog, kangaroo, tiny live baby · **What happens:** give, look, have, grow · **To what, where:** birth, bit, live babies, tiny live baby, pouch This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Other mammals, hedgehog, kangaroo, tiny live baby), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:16 # text = Other mammals give birth: a hedgehog looks a bit like an echidna but has live babies, and a kangaroo gives birth to a tiny live baby that grows in its pouch. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1 1 Other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 echidna echidna NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=8:cc 15 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 16 live live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 kangaroo kangaroo NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 gives give VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 26 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 27 live live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 baby baby NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 29 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 30 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 pouch pouch NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present | Other mammals | birth | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme | | 2 | **look** | present | a hedgehog | a bit | | | | like a echidna | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute | | 3 | **have** | present | a hedgehog *not said here* | live babies | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient | | 4 | **give** | present | a kangaroo | birth | a tiny live baby | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient | | 5 | **grow** | present | a tiny live baby | | | echidna's pouch | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pouch=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/15/) - next →: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/)