--- title: A male platypus has a hollow spur on each back ankle that injects ve… — The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay e… · tree and pragmatics description: A male platypus has a hollow spur on each back ankle that injects venom, very painful to people and able to kill a dog; males use it mostly against other males in the breeding season; never handle a wild platypus. Who acts: male platypus, back ankle, males. A sentence of the lesson «The platypus and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/) / 8 # The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 8 A male platypus has a hollow spur on each back ankle that injects venom, very painful to people and able to kill a dog; males use it mostly against other males in the breeding season; never handle a wild platypus. **Who acts:** male platypus, back ankle, males · **What happens:** have, inject, kill, use, not handle · **To what, where:** hollow spur, back ankle, venom, dog, wild platypus This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (male platypus, back ankle, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:8 # text = A male platypus has a hollow spur on each back ankle that injects venom, very painful to people and able to kill a dog; males use it mostly against other males in the breeding season; never handle a wild platypus. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 platypus platypus NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 spur spur NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 11 det _ _ 10 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 ankle ankle NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 injects inject VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 venom venom NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 very very ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 painful painful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obl 18 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 able able ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 31 against against ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 breeding breeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 season season NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 40 advmod _ _ 40 handle handle VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 28 parataxis _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 42 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 platypus platypus NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a male platypus | a hollow spur | | each back ankle | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient | | 2 | **inject** | present | each back ankle | venom | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent venom=Patient | | 3 | **kill** | to-infinitive | each back ankle *not said here* | a dog | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | | 4 | **use** | present | males | dog | | | | against other males in the breeding season | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **not** **handle** | infinitive | | a wild platypus | | | | | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent platypus=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/7/) - next →: [The platypus and the echidna: mammals…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/)