--- title: Almost every meal on Earth starts with sunlight: green plants and al… — Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eat… · tree and pragmatics description: Almost every meal on Earth starts with sunlight: green plants and algae catch the Sun's energy and build food from water and carbon dioxide, and every animal lives by eating plants or eating something that ate plants. Who acts: meal, green plants, animal. A sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/) / 0 # Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 0 Almost every meal on Earth starts with sunlight: green plants and algae catch the Sun's energy and build food from water and carbon dioxide, and every animal lives by eating plants or eating something that ate plants. **Who acts:** meal, green plants, animal · **What happens:** start, catch, build, live, eat · **To what, where:** energy, food, water, plants, something This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meal, green plants, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:0 # text = Almost every meal on Earth starts with sunlight: green plants and algae catch the Sun's energy and build food from water and carbon dioxide, and every animal lives by eating plants or eating something that ate plants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 046-food-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Almost almost ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advmod 2 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 3 det _ _ 3 meal meal NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 starts start VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 10 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 algae alga NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 14 catch catch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod:poss _ _ 17 's 's PART POS _ 16 case _ _ 18 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 build build VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 21 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 from from ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 dioxide dioxide NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 30 det _ _ 30 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 lives live VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 32 by by SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 34 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 35 or or CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 conj _ _ 37 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 36 obj _ _ 38 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 39 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 acl:relcl _ _ 40 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **start** | present | every meal on Earth | | | | | with sunlight | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with sunlight=Subeventuality | | 2 | **catch** | present | green plants and algae | the Sun's energy | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 3 | **build** | present | green plants and algae *not said here* | food | | water and carbon dioxide | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from water=Material | | 4 | **live** | present | every animal | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **eat** | gerund | every animal *not said here* | plants | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | | 6 | **eat** | gerund | every animal *not said here* | something | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient | | 7 | **eat** | past | | plants | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [More record-breakers and oddballs: slo…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/45-sloth-narwhal-chameleon-eel-giraffe/17/) - next →: [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/)