--- title: Wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995; elk numbers fell an… — Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eat… · tree and pragmatics description: Wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995; elk numbers fell and in some places young willows and aspens grew back, though scientists still argue how big the wolves' effect really was. Who acts: elk numbers, young willows, scientists, effect. A sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/) / 12 # Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 12 Wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995; elk numbers fell and in some places young willows and aspens grew back, though scientists still argue how big the wolves' effect really was. **Who acts:** elk numbers, young willows, scientists, effect, wolves · **What happens:** bring back, fell, grow back, argue, be, effect · **To what, where:** Wolves, 1995, places · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elk numbers, young willows, scientists, effect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:12 # text = Wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995; elk numbers fell and in some places young willows and aspens grew back, though scientists still argue how big the wolves' effect really was. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 046-food-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 back back ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Yellowstone Yellowstone PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 1995 1995 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 10 elk elk NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 11 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 fell fell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 16 det _ _ 16 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj 17 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 willows willow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:conj 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 aspens aspen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:conj 21 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 22 back back ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 though though SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 still still ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 28 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 29 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 ccomp _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nmod:poss _ _ 32 ' 's PART POS _ 31 case _ _ 33 effect effect NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 34 really really ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 35 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bring back** | past · passive | | Wolves | | 1995 | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **fell** | past | elk numbers | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **grow back** | past | young willows and aspens | | | some places | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location | | 4 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | past | the wolves's effect | | | | | big *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **effect** | | the wolves | | | | | | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/11/) - next →: [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/)