--- title: At each step most of the energy is used up for moving, breathing and… — Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eat… · tree and pragmatics description: At each step most of the energy is used up for moving, breathing and keeping warm, so there are always far more zebras than lions, and a cartoon savanna with as many lions as zebras could never last a single season. Who acts: more zebras, cartoon savanna. A sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/) / 3 # Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 3 At each step most of the energy is used up for moving, breathing and keeping warm, so there are always far more zebras than lions, and a cartoon savanna with as many lions as zebras could never last a single season. **Who acts:** more zebras, cartoon savanna · **What happens:** use up, move, breathe, keep, be, not last · **To what, where:** most This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (more zebras, cartoon savanna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:3 # text = At each step most of the energy is used up for moving, breathing and keeping warm, so there are always far more zebras than lions, and a cartoon savanna with as many lions as zebras could never last a single season. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 046-food-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 At at ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 3 det _ _ 3 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 4 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 for for SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 12 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 breathing breathe VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:parataxis 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 keeping keep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ _ 17 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 xcomp _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 21 expl _ _ 21 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 22 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 21 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:advmod 23 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 24 advmod _ _ 24 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 amod _ _ 25 zebras zebra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 than than ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 cartoon cartoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 savanna savanna NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 as as ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 35 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ _ 37 as as ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 zebras zebra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=36:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 39 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 40 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 41 advmod _ _ 41 last last VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 season season NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use up** | present · passive | | most of the energy | | | | at each step | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **move** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **breathe** | gerund | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **keep** | gerund | | | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **does** | present | more zebras | | | there | | than lions; always *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **not** **last** | could | a cartoon savanna with many lions as zebras | | | | season | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/2/) - next →: [Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/)