--- title: Dung beetles roll dung into balls and bury them as food for their yo… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: Dung beetles roll dung into balls and bury them as food for their young; some steer at night by the glow of the Milky Way, and Australia brought in dung beetles to clear up cow pats, which had piled up in the fields and bred flies. Who acts: Dung beetles, some, Australia, cow pats. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 10 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 10 Dung beetles roll dung into balls and bury them as food for their young; some steer at night by the glow of the Milky Way, and Australia brought in dung beetles to clear up cow pats, which had piled up in the fields and bred flies. **Who acts:** Dung beetles, some, Australia, cow pats, Milky Way · **What happens:** roll, bury, steer, bring, clear up, pile up · **To what, where:** dung, balls, beetles, dung beetles, cow pats, fields This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dung beetles, some, Australia, cow pats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:10 # text = Dung beetles roll dung into balls and bury them as food for their young; some steer at night by the glow of the Milky Way, and Australia brought in dung beetles to clear up cow pats, which had piled up in the fields and bred flies. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 roll roll VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 balls ball NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 bury bury VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 young young NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 16 some some PRON DT PronType=Ind 17 nsubj _ _ 17 steer steer VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 glow glow NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 Milky milky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 Way Way PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:obl 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 clear clear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 advcl _ _ 36 up up ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 pats pat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 41 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 piled pile VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 38 acl:relcl _ _ 43 up up ADP RP _ 42 compound:prt _ _ 44 in in ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 48 bred bred VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 42 conj _ _ 49 flies fly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obj _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **roll** | present | Dung beetles | dung | | balls | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent dung=Theme into ball=Trajectory | | 2 | **bury** | present | Dung beetles *not said here* | beetles *= beetle* | | | | as food for beetles's young | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 3 | **steer** | present | some | | | | night | by the glow of the Milky Way | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by glow=Destination | | 4 | **bring** | past | Australia | | dung beetles | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument beetle=Destination | | 5 | **clear up** | to-infinitive | Australia *not said here* | cow pats | | | | | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pat=Source | | 6 | **pile up** | past · perfect | cow pats | | | the fields | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in field=Destination | | 7 | **bred** | participle | cow pats *not said here* | flies | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **glow** | | the Milky Way | | | | | | nom glow «state intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/9/) - next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)