--- title: Earthworms pull dead leaves underground and turn them into rich worm… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: Earthworms pull dead leaves underground and turn them into rich worm casts, and their tunnels let air and water into the soil; Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them in 1881. Who acts: Earthworms, tunnels, Charles. A sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomp --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 11 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 11 Earthworms pull dead leaves underground and turn them into rich worm casts, and their tunnels let air and water into the soil; Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them in 1881. **Who acts:** Earthworms, tunnels, Charles · **What happens:** pull, turn, let, write · **To what, where:** dead leaves, leaves, rich worm casts, air, soil, whole book This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earthworms, tunnels, Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:11 # text = Earthworms pull dead leaves underground and turn them into rich worm casts, and their tunnels let air and water into the soil; Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them in 1881. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Earthworms earthworm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 pull pull VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 underground underground ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 8 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 worm worm NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 casts cast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 let let VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=7:conj 18 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 into into ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 25 Charles Charles PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 flat _ _ 27 wrote write VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 about about ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 1881 1881 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 27 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pull** | present | Earthworms | dead leaves | | | | underground *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 2 | **turn** | present | Earthworms *not said here* | leaves *= leaf* | | rich worm casts | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into cast=Trajectory | | 3 | **let** | present | Earthworms's tunnels | air and water | | the soil | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 4 | **write** | past | Charles | a whole book | | 1881 | | about Earthworms *= earthworm* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme in 1881=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/10/) - next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)