--- title: A hoverfly has wasp-like yellow and black stripes but cannot sting;… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: A hoverfly has wasp-like yellow and black stripes but cannot sting; copying a dangerous animal's look to fool predators is called mimicry. Who acts: hoverfly, copying. A sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 13 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 13 A hoverfly has wasp-like yellow and black stripes but cannot sting; copying a dangerous animal's look to fool predators is called mimicry. **Who acts:** hoverfly, copying · **What happens:** have, not sting, copy, fool, call · **To what, where:** like yellow stripes, look, predators, mimicry · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoverfly, copying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:13 # text = A hoverfly has wasp-like yellow and black stripes but cannot sting; copying a dangerous animal's look to fool predators is called mimicry. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hoverfly hoverfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 wasp wasp NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 6 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 7 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 10 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 sting sting VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 copying copy VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 csubj _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod:poss _ _ 20 's 's PART POS _ 19 case _ _ 21 look look NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 fool fool VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 acl _ _ 24 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 27 mimicry mimicry NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 xcomp _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a hoverfly | like yellow stripes | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient | | 2 | **not** **sting** | can | a hoverfly *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **copy** | gerund | | a dangerous animal's look | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme | | 4 | **fool** | to-infinitive | | predators | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Patient | | 5 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | copying | mimicry | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/12/) - next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)