--- title: A Venus flytrap is a plant predator that snaps its leaves shut on in… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: A Venus flytrap is a plant predator that snaps its leaves shut on insects; it grows in poor soil and gets extra food from insects; its trigger hairs must be touched twice within about 20 seconds, so a raindrop or a speck of dust does not set it off, and it grows wild only in a small area of North an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 15 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 15 A Venus flytrap is a plant predator that snaps its leaves shut on insects; it grows in poor soil and gets extra food from insects; its trigger hairs must be touched twice within about 20 seconds, so a raindrop or a speck of dust does not set it off, and it grows wild only in a small area of North and South Carolina. **Who acts:** Venus flytrap, plant predator, predator, raindrop · **What happens:** be, snap, shut, grow, get, touch · **To what, where:** plant predator, leaves, poor soil, extra food, trigger hairs, predator This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus flytrap, plant predator, predator, raindrop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:15 # text = A Venus flytrap is a plant predator that snaps its leaves shut on insects; it grows in poor soil and gets extra food from insects; its trigger hairs must be touched twice within about 20 seconds, so a raindrop or a speck of dust does not set it off, and it grows wild only in a small area of North and South Carolina. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Venus Venus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 flytrap flytrap NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 predator predator NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 snaps snap VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 shut shut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:acl 13 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 23 extra extra ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:nmod 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 29 trigger trigger NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 touched touch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 34 twice twice ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 33 advmod _ _ 35 within within ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 about about ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _ 38 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 so so ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 raindrop raindrop NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 43 or or CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 speck speck NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 conj _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nmod _ _ 48 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 50 advmod _ _ 50 set set VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 advcl _ _ 51 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obj _ _ 52 off off ADP RP _ 50 compound:prt _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 55 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 56 nsubj _ _ 56 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 57 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 xcomp _ _ 58 only only ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 59 in in ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 60 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 61 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 62 area area NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obl _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 64 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 67 compound _ _ 65 and and CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 66 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 64 conj _ _ 67 Carolina Carolina PROPN NNP Number=Sing 62 nmod _ _ 68 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a Venus flytrap | a plant predator | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **snap** | present | a plant predator | predator's leaves | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **shut** | participle | a plant predator *not said here* | | | | | on insects | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | present | predator | | | poor soil | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location | | 5 | **get** | present | predator *not said here* | extra food | | | | from insects | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent food=Theme from insect=Source | | 6 | **touch** | must · passive | | predator's trigger hairs | | | second | twice *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | | 7 | **not** **set off** | present · do-support | a raindrop or a speck of dust | predator | | | | | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient | | 8 | **grow** | present | predator | | | a small area of North Carolina | | wild *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/14/) - next →: [Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, b…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)