--- title: Vultures are scavengers whose very strong stomach acid kills most ge… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: Vultures are scavengers whose very strong stomach acid kills most germs from rotting meat; when vultures nearly died out in India after eating cattle treated with a medicine poisonous to them, carcasses lay uncleaned and disease spread. Who acts: Vultures, strong stomach acid, carcasses. A sentence --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 8 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 8 Vultures are scavengers whose very strong stomach acid kills most germs from rotting meat; when vultures nearly died out in India after eating cattle treated with a medicine poisonous to them, carcasses lay uncleaned and disease spread. **Who acts:** Vultures, strong stomach acid, carcasses · **What happens:** be, kill, rot, die out, eat, treat · **To what, where:** scavengers, most germs, rotting meat, cattle This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vultures, strong stomach acid, carcasses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:8 # text = Vultures are scavengers whose very strong stomach acid kills most germs from rotting meat; when vultures nearly died out in India after eating cattle treated with a medicine poisonous to them, carcasses lay uncleaned and disease spread. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Vultures vulture NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 scavengers scavenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 8 nmod:poss _ _ 5 very very ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 stomach stomach NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 kills kill VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 10 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 11 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 11 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 rotting rot VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:_ 14 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 17 vultures vulture NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 18 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 advcl _ _ 20 out out ADP RP _ 19 compound:prt _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 after after SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 24 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 advcl _ _ 25 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 treated treat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:acl 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 carcasses carcass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 lay lay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 36 uncleaned unclean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 xcomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 spread spread NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Vultures | scavengers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **kill** | present | strong stomach acid | most germs | | rotting meat | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme from meat=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **rot** | gerund | | | | | | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **die out** | past | vultures | | | | | in India; nearly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in india=Attribute | | 5 | **eat** | gerund | vultures *not said here* | cattle | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient | | 6 | **treat** | participle | | cattle *not said here* | | | | with a medicine | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with medicine=Theme | | 7 | **lay** | present | carcasses | | | | | unclean *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/7/) - next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)