--- title: It is a myth that hyenas only steal from lions: spotted hyenas hunt… — Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and d… · tree and pragmatics description: It is a myth that hyenas only steal from lions: spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food in many places, lions often steal from them, and they are closer relatives of cats and mongooses than of dogs. Who acts: hyenas, spotted hyenas, lions. A sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/) / 9 # Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 9 It is a myth that hyenas only steal from lions: spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food in many places, lions often steal from them, and they are closer relatives of cats and mongooses than of dogs. **Who acts:** hyenas, spotted hyenas, lions · **What happens:** be, steal, spot, hunt · **To what, where:** myth, most, many places, closer relatives This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hyenas, spotted hyenas, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:9 # text = It is a myth that hyenas only steal from lions: spotted hyenas hunt most of their own food in many places, lions often steal from them, and they are closer relatives of cats and mongooses than of dogs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 expl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 myth myth NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 7 only only ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 steal steal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 12 spotted spot VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 13 hyenas hyena NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 15 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 14 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 16 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 18 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 often often ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 steal steal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 closer close ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 34 amod _ _ 34 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 mongooses mongoose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ _ 39 than than ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | a myth | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **steal** | present | hyenas | a myth *not said here* | | | | from lions | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent myth=Theme from lion=Source | | 3 | **spot** | participle | | | | | | | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | | 4 | **hunt** | present | spotted hyenas | most of hyenas's own food | | many places | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent most=Theme in place=Location | | 5 | **steal** | present | lions | | | | | from hyenas *= hyena*; often *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | present | lions *= lion* | closer relatives | | | | of cats than dogs and mongooses | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/8/) - next →: [Who eats whom: predators, prey, scaven…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/)